Advantages And Disadvantages Of Urbanization Pdf

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Advantages & Disadvantages of Modernization

A Critical Analysis of the Advantages and Disadvantages of Urbanization in Malawi. A critical analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of urbanization in Malawi In Malawi urbanization is defined as a process whereby the functions of a rural settlement increasingly become oriented towards non-agricultural activities (United Nations Malawi, 2011).

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Disadvantages of Urbanization Due to urbanization many people benefit but not all get the opportunities which results in those. Since many people migrate to cities it results in scarcity of houses which in turn results in. Urbanization leads to shift of working population from agriculture to.
Advantages of Hydroponics. This is particularly useful in an urban environment where space cost is at a premium. Better control over plant growth The operator of the hydroponic system can control nutrient delivery and water delivery to the plants, and can grow plants using a wider variety of methods of nutrient and water versus conventional soil based planting.
What are the disadvantages of industrialization? What are the advantages and disadvantages of electroplating? The mass of urbanization and cities that end up resulting from the factory.

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Modernization is usually associated with urban and industrial development. Until the 20th century, farming meant that many families lived in rural areas. With modernization came a gradual move into urban cities that has continued. During the 20th century, cities have grown as economic and cultural centers, and new technologies have transformed almost every aspect of life. Although modernization has many advantages, some are concerned about the long term effects it has on countries and people.

Culture

On the one hand, modernization has encouraged the development of new forms of creative expression, such as film and television. These forms can be easily exported and viewed all over the world. However, a loss of culture may result from modernization. The spread of the Western culture has caused young people in non-Western countries to abandon traditional customs and values. Even languages begin to disappear as urbanization encourages people to learn a country's dominant language. This assimilation of languages and cultures created by modernization means that some cultural aspects are being lost like dialects, religious and family traditions.

Business

New technology has revolutionized the speed and accuracy of production. Furthermore, increased global trade allows businesses to sell their products anywhere. But increased global production may hurt domestic business when international companies can offer products at cheaper prices. The production of goods in foreign countries, where labor laws are more relaxed, amounts to exploitation in some people's view.

Environment

Natural resources such as wood, water and oil are often processed in modernized society, and skyscrapers and factories begin to transform the landscape. Environmental problems, such as climate change, are believed to be the result of industrial development and production. Refineries and other plants related to industrial processes contribute to air pollution. However, in many poorer countries, the discovery of oil and the adoption of new technologies is welcomed for the financial opportunities it presents. The cost of living in other countries also translates into lower wages. As new technologies are introduced to developing countries, processes can be streamlined and made less expensive and more accessible to the mass populations.

Advantages Of Urbanization Pdf

Communication and Travel

New inventions such as phones, televisions and computers allow people to communicate instantly anywhere on the globe. Increased global travel allows people to visit foreign cultures for business or leisure. Contact with foreign cultures fosters international cooperation, but can also result in further loss of culture as people begin to adopt the foreign cultures and languages they are exposed to.

References

About the Author

James Stuart began his professional writing career in 2010. He traveled through Asia, Europe, and North America, and has recently returned from Japan, where he worked as a freelance editor for several English language publications. He looks forward to using his travel experience in his writing. Stuart holds a Bachelor of Arts in English and philosophy from the University of Toronto.

doi: 10.1289/ehp.118-a259b

PMID: 20515723

Science Selections

See the article 'Urban Area Disadvantage and Under-5 Mortality in Nigeria: The Effect of Rapid Urbanization' on page 877.

This article has been cited by other articles in PMC.

Individual-level socioeconomic position has long been recognized as a factor in childhood mortality, with lower position carrying a higher risk of death before age 5. Recent research suggests that living in a socioeconomically disadvantaged area increases a child’s risk even after adjusting for factors such as mother’s education or income. A new study using data from Nigeria shows higher rates of under-5 mortality coincided with increased urbanization and uniquely accounts for the impact of disadvantaged neighborhoods on mortality in this age group [EHP118:877–883; Antai and Moradi].

The pace of urbanization in low- and middle-income countries, paired with inadequate economic performance and other constraints, can result in urban residents increasingly living in areas with overcrowded or deteriorating housing, few social amenities, poor environmental and sanitary conditions, and a lack of economic opportunities. Such conditions are associated with an increased risk of infectious disease and death, with under-5 mortality rates in particular reflecting the degree of socioeconomic development in specific geographic areas.

Nigeria has very rapidly shifted from a mostly rural nation to a heavily urbanized one. In 1970 only 16% of the population lived in an urban area compared with an estimated 40% or more today. The current study used cross-sectional data from the 2003 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey to assess how urbanization related to under-5 mortality rates and to evaluate the influence of area-level socioeconomics. A subsample of 1,350 mothers and 2,118 of their children, representing 165 administratively defined communities, was selected from the data, which provided demographic and socioeconomic information as well as children’s birth order and time intervals between siblings’ births. Neighborhoods were ranked by “urban area disadvantage index” scores, calculated by the percentage of children living in households without piped water, flush toilets, electricity, or nonpolluting cooking fuel; whose mothers were unemployed or uneducated; and whose households were overcrowded or among the poorest 40%.

Analysis revealed that under-5 mortality increased in the periods 1979–1983 and 1999–2003. Additionally, after controlling for individual child and maternal factors, under-5 mortality rose with urban area disadvantage index score. The researchers concluded that living in a socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhood independently increased mortality for children under 5 years old. Additionally, they confirmed other research showing that first-born status and short interval between births increased the risk of early childhood death. This

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Urbanization Pdf